Make the Most of Your Donation
You can Make the Most of Your Donation by donating specific blood components like red blood cells, platelets and plasma according to your blood type.
Patients benefit most from this process because they can receive transfusions from fewer donors, making the blood safer for them. Collecting blood by aphaeresis also allows us to collect the part of your blood most needed by patients according to blood type.
During an aphaeresis donation, blood is drawn from one arm and channeled through an automated system that separates and collects the most needed components and then returns the remaining blood components back to the donor. The process is safe and easy.
Red Blood Cells:
Red blood cells travel through your body delivering oxygen. Units of red blood cells are often used in Emergency Rooms when treating accident victims and in Operating Rooms during surgeries.
Red blood cells are also necessary when treating patients with anemia.
People with Type O blood are in great demand because they are considered "universal red cell donors," meaning their red blood cells can be safely transfused to patients with any blood type.If you are Type O, you can Make the Most of Your Donation by donating Whole Blood or Double Red Cells (a double red cell donation is collected through an automated process that removes red cells and returns fluids back to the donor). Whole blood donors are eligible to give blood every eight weeks.
Double Red Cell donors are eligible every 16 weeks. The donation process takes only a few minutes more than whole blood.
Platelets:
Platelets are blood cells that help control bleeding. Patients undergoing bone marrow transplants, surgeries, chemotherapy, radiation treatments or organ transplants often need platelets to survive. Platelets from donors of all blood types are needed.
Because platelets have only a five-day storage life, platelet donations are delivered quickly to patients who need them. Platelet donors have the satisfaction of knowing their donation will make a difference in someone's life immediately.
Please consider Making the Most of Your Donation by becoming a platelet donor. Platelet donors are eligible every two weeks. The collection process is longer than whole blood, so donors should be prepared to spend an average 73 minutes in the donor chair with a TV or DVD player available to help pass the time or relax with reading materials. Your gift of platelets is worth the wait !!
Plasma:
Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood that carries clotting factors and proteins. Plasma transfusions are needed to treat burn victims, trauma patients and those battling severe liver disease and cancer.
Type AB donors are known as "universal plasma donors," because patients of all blood types can safely receive their plasma. Plasma donors are eligible to donate every four weeks. The donation process takes minutes more than whole blood.
If you have Type AB blood, you may be a great candidate to donate plasma or platelets. Many donors give both at the same time!
Unit of Blood :
A unit of blood is a little less than a pint (approximately 450 milliliters). The average adult has between 8 and 12 pints of blood and can easily spare one. Blood is composed of cells suspended in liquid. The cells—red cells, white cells and platelets---account for 45% of the volume of blood.
The remaining liquid portion is plasma, which is used for direct transfusion or as the starting material for preparation of derivatives such as albumin and clotting factors.
Blood can be broken down into its components, so that each unit can be used to treat several different patients.
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Blood Type most Needed
Blood
Do you ever wonder what makes up blood? Unless you need to have blood drawn, donate it or have to stop its flow after an injury, you probably don't think much about it. But blood is the most commonly tested part of the body. The human body is the only "manufacturer" of this precious fluid---literally, the "Liquid of Life."
Blood is a mixture of two components: cells and plasma.
The human body contains one of four main blood types:
A, B, AB and O.
Each blood-type also has an accompanying Rhesus or Rh factor of either positive or negative.
The most commonly found blood-type in the world is O positive while the rarest is AB negative.
ABO Blood Groups Red cells that have both 'A' & 'B' PROTEIN (ANTIGEN) ARE CALLED AB group. A person's blood never changes throughout his life. They are classified according to the protein (antigen) present in the red blood cell membrane. Red cells that have "A" Protein (antigens) are called A Group. Red cells that have "B" Protein (antigens) are called B Group.
Red cells that do not have these antigens are called "O" Group. Rhesus Blood Group (Rh) Rh group is named after Macacus Rhesus Monkey, as it resembles the proteins in the red blood cells of Rhesus Monkey. If this Rh protein (antigens) is present in red blood call of human beings it is called Rh+ve. If this Rh protein (antigen) is absent it is Rh-ve. 95 - 98% of Indians are RH+ve and 2-5% are Rh-ve. Other Blood Groups There are number of other blood groups which do not have much practical importance like MNSS,P,Lu, Le, Wr, etc Blood Cells Blood Cells Are Produced In Marrow Red cells, white cells and platelets are made in the marrow of bones, especially the vertebrae, ribs, hips, skull and sternum.
These essential blood cells fight infection, carry oxygen and help control bleeding. Plasma Carries Blood Cells Plasma is a pale yellow mixture of water, proteins and salts. One of the functions of plasma is to act as a carrier for blood cells, nutrients, enzymes and hormones. Red Cells Deliver Oxygen Red cells are disc-shaped cells containing hemoglobin, which enables the cells to pick up and deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
White Cells Defend The Body White cells are the body's primary defense against infection. They can move out of the blood stream and reach tissues being invaded. Platelets Help Control Bleeding Platelets are small cells in the blood that control bleeding.
They form clusters to plug small holes in blood vessels and assist in the clotting process
Do you ever wonder what makes up blood? Unless you need to have blood drawn, donate it or have to stop its flow after an injury, you probably don't think much about it. But blood is the most commonly tested part of the body. The human body is the only "manufacturer" of this precious fluid---literally, the "Liquid of Life."
Blood is a mixture of two components: cells and plasma.
The human body contains one of four main blood types:
A, B, AB and O.
Each blood-type also has an accompanying Rhesus or Rh factor of either positive or negative.
The most commonly found blood-type in the world is O positive while the rarest is AB negative.
ABO Blood Groups Red cells that have both 'A' & 'B' PROTEIN (ANTIGEN) ARE CALLED AB group. A person's blood never changes throughout his life. They are classified according to the protein (antigen) present in the red blood cell membrane. Red cells that have "A" Protein (antigens) are called A Group. Red cells that have "B" Protein (antigens) are called B Group.
Red cells that do not have these antigens are called "O" Group. Rhesus Blood Group (Rh) Rh group is named after Macacus Rhesus Monkey, as it resembles the proteins in the red blood cells of Rhesus Monkey. If this Rh protein (antigens) is present in red blood call of human beings it is called Rh+ve. If this Rh protein (antigen) is absent it is Rh-ve. 95 - 98% of Indians are RH+ve and 2-5% are Rh-ve. Other Blood Groups There are number of other blood groups which do not have much practical importance like MNSS,P,Lu, Le, Wr, etc Blood Cells Blood Cells Are Produced In Marrow Red cells, white cells and platelets are made in the marrow of bones, especially the vertebrae, ribs, hips, skull and sternum.
These essential blood cells fight infection, carry oxygen and help control bleeding. Plasma Carries Blood Cells Plasma is a pale yellow mixture of water, proteins and salts. One of the functions of plasma is to act as a carrier for blood cells, nutrients, enzymes and hormones. Red Cells Deliver Oxygen Red cells are disc-shaped cells containing hemoglobin, which enables the cells to pick up and deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
White Cells Defend The Body White cells are the body's primary defense against infection. They can move out of the blood stream and reach tissues being invaded. Platelets Help Control Bleeding Platelets are small cells in the blood that control bleeding.
They form clusters to plug small holes in blood vessels and assist in the clotting process
Friday, June 25, 2010
Air Pollution
Between the years of 1970 and 2005 the total vehicle miles people travel in the india has increased 178 percent and continues to gradually increase at a rate of two to three percent each year. As a result of United States evolution from driving simple cars in the 70's too modern vans, sports utility vehicles (SUV's), and pickup trucks, these enlarged vehicles typically consume more gasoline per mile and many of them pollute three to five times more than cars.
Breathing polluted air can make your eyes and nose burn. Due to inhaling polluted air, it can irritate your throat and make breathing difficult. In fact, pollutants like tiny airborne particles can trigger respiratory problems, especially for people with asthma. In today's society, just about 30 million adults and children in the United States have been diagnosed with asthma. Asthma sufferers can be severely affected by air pollution. In contrast air pollution can also aggravate health problems for the elderly and others with heart or respiratory diseases. In a greater look at things, some toxic chemicals released in the air such as benzene or vinyl chloride can cause cancer, birth defects, long term injury to the lungs, as well as brain and nerve damage. And in some cases, breathing these highly toxic chemicals can even cause the fatal attraction of death. The health, environmental, and economic impacts of air pollution are significant. Each day, air pollution causes thousands of illnesses leading to lost days at work and school. Air pollution also reduces agricultural crop and commercial forest yields by billions of dollars each year.
Air pollution isn't just a threat to our health, it also damages our environment. Toxic air pollutants and the chemicals that form acid rain and ground-level o-zone can damage trees, crops, other plants, wildlife, lakes, and other bodies of water. Furthermore, those pollutants can also harm fish and other aquatic life. In addition to damaging the natural environment, air pollution also damages buildings, monuments, and statues. It not only reduces how far you can see in national parks and cities, it even interferes with aviation.
Although national air quality has improved over the last 20 years, many challenges remain in protecting public health and the environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protects human health and the environment through the regulatory process and voluntary programs such as Energy Star and Commuter choice. (The Clean Air Act is a federal law covering the entire country). Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA sets limits on how much of a pollutant is allowed in the air anywhere in the United States.
This helps to ensure basic health and environmental protection from air pollution for all American's. Also, the Clean Air Act gives EPA the authority to limit emissions of air pollutants coming from sources like steel mills, utilities, and chemical plants. Individual states or tribes may have stronger air pollution laws, but they may not have weaker pollution limits than those set by the EPA.
EPA's main goal is to have clean air to breath for this generation and those to follow. Over time, the Clean Air Act will continue to reduce air pollution, but it will take time for some of the Act's provisions to have their full time impact.
Breathing polluted air can make your eyes and nose burn. Due to inhaling polluted air, it can irritate your throat and make breathing difficult. In fact, pollutants like tiny airborne particles can trigger respiratory problems, especially for people with asthma. In today's society, just about 30 million adults and children in the United States have been diagnosed with asthma. Asthma sufferers can be severely affected by air pollution. In contrast air pollution can also aggravate health problems for the elderly and others with heart or respiratory diseases. In a greater look at things, some toxic chemicals released in the air such as benzene or vinyl chloride can cause cancer, birth defects, long term injury to the lungs, as well as brain and nerve damage. And in some cases, breathing these highly toxic chemicals can even cause the fatal attraction of death. The health, environmental, and economic impacts of air pollution are significant. Each day, air pollution causes thousands of illnesses leading to lost days at work and school. Air pollution also reduces agricultural crop and commercial forest yields by billions of dollars each year.
Air pollution isn't just a threat to our health, it also damages our environment. Toxic air pollutants and the chemicals that form acid rain and ground-level o-zone can damage trees, crops, other plants, wildlife, lakes, and other bodies of water. Furthermore, those pollutants can also harm fish and other aquatic life. In addition to damaging the natural environment, air pollution also damages buildings, monuments, and statues. It not only reduces how far you can see in national parks and cities, it even interferes with aviation.
Although national air quality has improved over the last 20 years, many challenges remain in protecting public health and the environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protects human health and the environment through the regulatory process and voluntary programs such as Energy Star and Commuter choice. (The Clean Air Act is a federal law covering the entire country). Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA sets limits on how much of a pollutant is allowed in the air anywhere in the United States.
This helps to ensure basic health and environmental protection from air pollution for all American's. Also, the Clean Air Act gives EPA the authority to limit emissions of air pollutants coming from sources like steel mills, utilities, and chemical plants. Individual states or tribes may have stronger air pollution laws, but they may not have weaker pollution limits than those set by the EPA.
EPA's main goal is to have clean air to breath for this generation and those to follow. Over time, the Clean Air Act will continue to reduce air pollution, but it will take time for some of the Act's provisions to have their full time impact.
Air polution in Vizag
You could go days without food and hours without water, but you would last only a few minutes without air (if that). As human beings, on average, we breathe over 3,000 gallons of air each day. In addition to consuming up so much air in 24 hours, over the course of 365 days humans manage to inhale precisely 1,095,000 gallons of air throughout the year.
That's a large amount of air that humans not only need but demand as a means to survive in everyday life, if you ask me. Better yet, wouldn't it be to our benefit as humans if we lived in a non-polluted environment/economy? The only possible logical answer to that question would have to be a sound and potent "Yes!" But, the "oh so" popular question still remains the same, why should you be concerned about air pollution? When it's all said and done, it's only common sense to figure out that you must have air to live.
Air pollution comes from many different sources such as: factories, power plants, dry cleaners, cars, buses, trucks and even windblown dust and wildfires. Today, motor vehicles are responsible for nearly one-half of smog-forming volatile organic compounds (VOC's).
Also, motorized vehicles are held responsible for more than half of the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and approximately half of the toxic air pollutant emissions in the United States. Motor vehicles, as well as non road vehicles, are now accountable for 75 percent of carbon monoxide emissions nationwide.
That's a large amount of air that humans not only need but demand as a means to survive in everyday life, if you ask me. Better yet, wouldn't it be to our benefit as humans if we lived in a non-polluted environment/economy? The only possible logical answer to that question would have to be a sound and potent "Yes!" But, the "oh so" popular question still remains the same, why should you be concerned about air pollution? When it's all said and done, it's only common sense to figure out that you must have air to live.
Air pollution comes from many different sources such as: factories, power plants, dry cleaners, cars, buses, trucks and even windblown dust and wildfires. Today, motor vehicles are responsible for nearly one-half of smog-forming volatile organic compounds (VOC's).
Also, motorized vehicles are held responsible for more than half of the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and approximately half of the toxic air pollutant emissions in the United States. Motor vehicles, as well as non road vehicles, are now accountable for 75 percent of carbon monoxide emissions nationwide.
Water pollution
Water pollution is also a problem. This is a difficult form of pollution to deal with mainly because it is the result of storm runoff. Essentially, rain water soaks many impurities in the urban areas which run off into rivers and streams.
To combat this, both the local governments and private citizens have to take many extra efforts to reduce such problems. To a degree they have been successful although inefficient bureaucracies have limited progress. It is safe to say, however, some progress is better than zero progress.
Vizag is one city in one country, but it is endemic of the problem many countries face. Actually, things in Vizag are not all that bad compared to other parts of the world. China, for example, possesses some of the most polluted air in human history. The long term effects of such corrupted air will be revealed in time. And, no, the revelation will not be a pretty one.
To combat this, both the local governments and private citizens have to take many extra efforts to reduce such problems. To a degree they have been successful although inefficient bureaucracies have limited progress. It is safe to say, however, some progress is better than zero progress.
Vizag is one city in one country, but it is endemic of the problem many countries face. Actually, things in Vizag are not all that bad compared to other parts of the world. China, for example, possesses some of the most polluted air in human history. The long term effects of such corrupted air will be revealed in time. And, no, the revelation will not be a pretty one.
How to Reduce pollution
How to get rid of pollution is not as difficult as some would assume. Simply altering a few common habits you may have can work wonders in this regard. Reducing pollution in the water is not difficult. Simply refrain from dumping impurities into waterways.
This could be something as simple as not pouring soda into a stream or not emptying boat fuel into the ocean. This greatly reduces ocean pollution. Keeping the air clean is not as tough as some assume either. If you avoid idling your car, for example, you are reducing emissions.
This is an article written by one of our Pollution experts of the Pollution Gemzies. This Gemzies page is an Online Pollution Community where fellow experts can share, rate and find websites, videos photos, books and the latest news. We have got some interesting content on Air Pollution, Water Pollution and Acid Rain. We invite you to join our Pollution Gemzies.
This could be something as simple as not pouring soda into a stream or not emptying boat fuel into the ocean. This greatly reduces ocean pollution. Keeping the air clean is not as tough as some assume either. If you avoid idling your car, for example, you are reducing emissions.
This is an article written by one of our Pollution experts of the Pollution Gemzies. This Gemzies page is an Online Pollution Community where fellow experts can share, rate and find websites, videos photos, books and the latest news. We have got some interesting content on Air Pollution, Water Pollution and Acid Rain. We invite you to join our Pollution Gemzies.
Friday, May 14, 2010
Water Pollution
Rainfall, snowmelt and irrigation cleanse the surface of the Earth. Any pollutants that are on the ground will eventually come in contact with water. So what? The water is just cleaning the streets and everything it comes in contact with, right? Wrong, the water picks up everything that is in it's path.
This can range from pieces of food to motor oil to fertilizer or any pollutants that might lie on the millions of roads and expressways of the US. Now the polluted water makes its down fall into the ground water, which intern ends up in nearby streams, rivers, and lakes. This means that any pollutant left on the ground will eventually end up as contamination of the water supply. We need this water to drink and we use the rivers and lakes as recreation. Water runoff presents a major problem.Polluted water runoff is hard to calculate, but some attribute as high as 80% to runoff.
Most people think that only the big companies are to blame for the poor quality of water, but that isn't so. The large companies are regulated by the Clean Water Act. There is no way to control the amount of pollution that is taken by water runoff. Police can not find everyone that has spread their old motor oil on their driveway to keep the dust down or keep track of how often people fertilize their lawn. This is much more difficult to detect and prevent. This comes down to each persons own values and environmental values. Each individual is responsable for their actions and there is no way to police that. The average person doesn't cause any large quantities of water pollution, it comes from an unlikely source.
This can range from pieces of food to motor oil to fertilizer or any pollutants that might lie on the millions of roads and expressways of the US. Now the polluted water makes its down fall into the ground water, which intern ends up in nearby streams, rivers, and lakes. This means that any pollutant left on the ground will eventually end up as contamination of the water supply. We need this water to drink and we use the rivers and lakes as recreation. Water runoff presents a major problem.Polluted water runoff is hard to calculate, but some attribute as high as 80% to runoff.
Most people think that only the big companies are to blame for the poor quality of water, but that isn't so. The large companies are regulated by the Clean Water Act. There is no way to control the amount of pollution that is taken by water runoff. Police can not find everyone that has spread their old motor oil on their driveway to keep the dust down or keep track of how often people fertilize their lawn. This is much more difficult to detect and prevent. This comes down to each persons own values and environmental values. Each individual is responsable for their actions and there is no way to police that. The average person doesn't cause any large quantities of water pollution, it comes from an unlikely source.
Water Pollution
The major sources of water pollution are organic pollution, agricultural pollution, runoff, toxic waste, and thermal pollution. Organic pollution is becoming more and more pressing on the environment, because of the growing population of the world. It's a simple concept, the more people there are in one area, the more waste they will produce.
For example, in a city there are so many people that the sewage plants and the environment can't take care of all of the waste and function in its usual manner. The sewage plants do their best, but the secondary discharge that gets into the water supply causes great problems. The excess waste acts as a fertilizer or food source for algae and the growth rate is uncontrollable. Everyone has been in a lake where there is a lot of dead algae on the shore and the water is clouded with algae.
This situation is known as eutrophication, where algae growth is out of control and the water becomes oxygen depleted. There are natural cycles of eutrophication in the spring and fall, but the body of water can deal with those amounts. When excess waste is added to the water the body of water can no longer control the growth of the algae and the water soon becomes algae ridden and oxygen depleted. The water becomes oxygen depleted, because the dead algae goes to the bottom and uses the oxygen in the deeper water to decompose, but if there is too much dead algae all the oxygen is depleted.
Oxygen from the surface doesn't reach the bottom, because the warmer water is less dense than the deeper cooler water, therefor the warmer water floats on the colder water and they never mix, much like oil and water. Soon the dead algae piles upon itself and makes the lake shallower, until it totally fills in and dries up.
For example, in a city there are so many people that the sewage plants and the environment can't take care of all of the waste and function in its usual manner. The sewage plants do their best, but the secondary discharge that gets into the water supply causes great problems. The excess waste acts as a fertilizer or food source for algae and the growth rate is uncontrollable. Everyone has been in a lake where there is a lot of dead algae on the shore and the water is clouded with algae.
This situation is known as eutrophication, where algae growth is out of control and the water becomes oxygen depleted. There are natural cycles of eutrophication in the spring and fall, but the body of water can deal with those amounts. When excess waste is added to the water the body of water can no longer control the growth of the algae and the water soon becomes algae ridden and oxygen depleted. The water becomes oxygen depleted, because the dead algae goes to the bottom and uses the oxygen in the deeper water to decompose, but if there is too much dead algae all the oxygen is depleted.
Oxygen from the surface doesn't reach the bottom, because the warmer water is less dense than the deeper cooler water, therefor the warmer water floats on the colder water and they never mix, much like oil and water. Soon the dead algae piles upon itself and makes the lake shallower, until it totally fills in and dries up.
Water pollution
Water pollution is increasingly becoming a large problem that we as humans need to confront. Water is our most valuable resource. Just think of how much we humans are dependent upon clean water.
Water is way more valuable than gold, what can you go a day, week, year with out, gold or water? Besides the fact that we drink the water, we use it for irrigation of farm fields, cooking, washing clothes, flushing toilets, etc. ..
Every industrial process requires water to function. Everyone knows that the Earth's surface is covered by 70% water, so why fuss of protecting water? Only 3% of all water is fresh and drinkable and of that 3%, 75% is frozen, which leaves a grand total of only 1% of the Earth's surface water that is readily available for consumption. After taking that fact into account, one can see why the conservation and protection of our remaining water supply is so vital. Before water pollution can be stopped, the sources of the pollution must be known.
Water is way more valuable than gold, what can you go a day, week, year with out, gold or water? Besides the fact that we drink the water, we use it for irrigation of farm fields, cooking, washing clothes, flushing toilets, etc. ..
Every industrial process requires water to function. Everyone knows that the Earth's surface is covered by 70% water, so why fuss of protecting water? Only 3% of all water is fresh and drinkable and of that 3%, 75% is frozen, which leaves a grand total of only 1% of the Earth's surface water that is readily available for consumption. After taking that fact into account, one can see why the conservation and protection of our remaining water supply is so vital. Before water pollution can be stopped, the sources of the pollution must be known.
Thursday, May 13, 2010
AIR POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. It is a major problem in America and as well as the world. Pollution not only damages the environment, but damages us also.AIR POLLUTION
It has cause many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. It is all among us but we continue to live in our own filth. What is the reason behind this flawed logic.... In this paper I will examine the problems and solutions for this issue.Automobiles are undeniable the greatest source of pollution. The noise pollution created by cars is immense. Another polluting effect of cars is the heat it creates.
This heat makes it unpleasant to be near the car while its running. And of course the most famous of the automobiles evils is the exhaust. The toxic fumes given off as a byproduct of the combustion engine are slowly deteriorating our lungs and our atmosphere. The exhaust is extremely toxic to human beings
It has cause many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. It is all among us but we continue to live in our own filth. What is the reason behind this flawed logic.... In this paper I will examine the problems and solutions for this issue.Automobiles are undeniable the greatest source of pollution. The noise pollution created by cars is immense. Another polluting effect of cars is the heat it creates.
This heat makes it unpleasant to be near the car while its running. And of course the most famous of the automobiles evils is the exhaust. The toxic fumes given off as a byproduct of the combustion engine are slowly deteriorating our lungs and our atmosphere. The exhaust is extremely toxic to human beings
Wednesday, May 12, 2010
Air pollution is severe
Pollution has become a major issue over the years. It has caused death, disease, and many health problems. It is a major concern of our world today and not much is being done to prevent it. If not all, a lot of pollution is caused by humans. There are different types like industrial, agricultural, etc.....
Many people are realizing now the threat that pollution poses to humans. There are three main types of pollution. They are land, air, and water pollution. Land pollution deals with dumps or other harmful substances. Strip mining, digging, and irrigation are types of land pollution also. They aren’t as harmful to us but they scar and hurt the land. Landfills are a major source of pollution. Most are infested with disease or with animals carrying disease. Many contain harmful chemicals that seep into the land or gasses that cause explosions or fires.
Solid and hazardous wastes are found in landfills and dumps. Solid wastes are the most visible form of land pollution. Every year, humans dispose of billions of tons of solid wastes. Most of our disposal methods cause harm to the environment. Hazardous wastes are substances released into the environment that can cause death or harm to people and their surroundings. These wastes are very hard to dispose of and usually contaminate the environment quickly.
Many people are realizing now the threat that pollution poses to humans. There are three main types of pollution. They are land, air, and water pollution. Land pollution deals with dumps or other harmful substances. Strip mining, digging, and irrigation are types of land pollution also. They aren’t as harmful to us but they scar and hurt the land. Landfills are a major source of pollution. Most are infested with disease or with animals carrying disease. Many contain harmful chemicals that seep into the land or gasses that cause explosions or fires.
Solid and hazardous wastes are found in landfills and dumps. Solid wastes are the most visible form of land pollution. Every year, humans dispose of billions of tons of solid wastes. Most of our disposal methods cause harm to the environment. Hazardous wastes are substances released into the environment that can cause death or harm to people and their surroundings. These wastes are very hard to dispose of and usually contaminate the environment quickly.
Air Pollution
Air pollution concentrations have been rapidly increasing in the major urban areas of Brazil caused mainly by the increasing use of vehicles. Policies to control car emissions in Brazil have relied basically on mandatory emission standards and subsidies for specific cleaner technology resulting in substantial decrease of car emission rates. Nevertheless, taxes on car sales, differentiated by vehicles' size and fuel, have also influenced car emission patterns.This paper analysis the compliance trend of the Brazilian fleet with environmental standards between 1992 and 1997. We find that larger automobiles had the fastest compliance schedule while popular models adjusted very slowly. Also gasoline-fueled models had a faster adjustment pattern than ethanol cars. Additionally, we analysis the current relationship between pollution emissions and car characteristics in order to orient policy formulation.
Monday, May 10, 2010
welcome to save vizag
The save vizag.com motto is conducting a rally for awareness of pollution control in vizag , save water in vizag, clean and green in vizag .
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